Parvinjeet Kaur

Research

Research and Evidence

Frameworks, empirical research, research infrastructure and country evidence, each with its status, evidence base and stated limitations. Work in development is labelled as such.

Frameworks

FrameworksFramework in development

Productive Financial Inclusion

AuthorParvinjeet Kaur
Year2026
GeographyGlobal

Research Question

Under what conditions does financial participation translate into sustainable productive economic outcomes?

The flagship research programme within Productive Inclusion, examining what happens after financial participation begins and which conditions determine productive conversion.

Limitations: The framework is still being developed and tested. Conceptual propositions, empirical findings and country applications should be read separately as the evidence base develops.

Empirical Research

Empirical ResearchAnalysis in progress

Sierra Leone MSME baseline fieldwork

AuthorParvinjeet Kaur
Year2026
GeographySierra Leone

Research Question

What does enterprise-level evidence reveal about the gap between financial access, digital usage and productive financial behaviour?

CAFIA fieldwork mapped 3,314 businesses and completed 529 field surveys. The current analytical dataset contains 495 clean responses across 119 variables per interview.

Methodology: Business mapping and enterprise-level field surveys. A fuller methodology note, sampling description and limitations will be published with formal research outputs.

Limitations: These figures describe CAFIA fieldwork and should not be presented as nationally representative without an appropriate sampling and weighting methodology.

Research Infrastructure

Research InfrastructureMethodology in development

Productive Inclusion Evidence Observatory

AuthorParvinjeet Kaur
Year2026
GeographyComparative

Research Question

How do finance, capability, markets and enabling systems relate to productive enterprise outcomes across different economies?

Research infrastructure being developed to hold evidence with its source, year, methodology, population, limitation and related research question attached.

Limitations: The methodology and indicator architecture are still being developed. No country rankings or comparative conclusions are published.

Country Evidence

Country EvidenceResearch programme in development

Comparative country evidence programme

AuthorParvinjeet Kaur
Year2026
GeographySierra Leone, Malaysia, Kenya, India and Indonesia

Research Question

How do financial access, productive usage, enterprise capability and institutional conditions differ across country contexts?

A developing comparative programme intended to bring together reliable primary and secondary evidence across selected countries.

Limitations: The comparative methodology and indicator set are still being developed. No cross-country conclusions are presented yet.

Research Questions

When does financial inclusion actually increase productive capacity?Why does financial access frequently fail to translate into productive financial usage?What allows microenterprises to become productive and resilient firms?What should governments measure beyond account ownership and financial access?

Methods and Notes

Evidence published here carries its claim, finding, source, year, methodology, population, limitation, interpretation and related research question. Statistics are not published without their underlying source, and policy responses are distinguished from observed evidence.